of China is disadvantaged compared to the Han majority as regards length of education and household per capita wealth …

Subjective Poverty Line methodology is applied to rural China 2002 using a sample from 22 provinces. Respondents were … lives. The findings provide an argument for increasing the official poverty line for China as average household income … increases. Poverty in rural China is disproportionally concentrated to the western regions and to poor counties. Most of rural …

Using data from the China Household Income Project in 2013 and 2018, this paper studies relative poverty among rural … hukou holders living in urban China and urban hukou holders. People living in households with an income below a fixed … residents are deemed as relative poor. Although migrants with rural hukou living in urban China were more prone to twice poverty …