This article analyses statistical reasoning of Spain’s Euro 2008 success. It argues that Spain success is related to its high level of domestic competition. This line argument was also supported with the examples from previous Euro football tournaments.

Purpose: The goal of this paper is twofold: to estimate the unrecorded economy (UE) of Turkey over the period 1987-2007 using a revised version of the currency demand approach and to analyze the relationship between UE and recorded GDP. Design/methodology/approach: we propose to measure UE by...

Introduction. – 1. Outcome of uncertainty and competitive balance in professional team sports. – 2. Measurement of competitive balance in professional team sports. – 3. Football point systems and competitive balance: empirical evidence . – 4. Some concluding remarks.

This study is concerned with the foreign direct investments flows from and out of Turkey in terms of regional and sectoral distributions during the period of 2000-2007. It is noted that Turkey imports substantial amount of foreign direct investment from the European continent. The majority of...