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We apply the Kakwani approach to decomposing redistributive effect into average rate, progressivity, and reranking components using yearly UK data covering 1977-2018. We examine cash and in-kind benefits, and direct and indirect taxes. In addition, we highlight an empirical implementation issue...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012697297
We decompose the redistributive effect of direct taxes into vertical, horizontal, and reranking components applying the methods of Urban and Lambert (Public Finance Review, 2008). In the first such application to the UK, and using yearly data covering 1977-2020, we find that redistributive...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014423792
The share of women in the top 1% of the UK's income distribution has been growing over the last two decades (as in several other countries). Our first contribution is to account for this secular change using regressions of the probability of being in the top 1%, fitted separately for men and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012321051
Two key questions in thinking about the size and growth of the disability insurance program are to what extent it discourages work, and how valuable the insurance is to individuals and families. These questions motivate our paper. We begin by describing the earnings, disposable income and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010488817
Estimates of UK income inequality trends differ substantially according to whether estimates are based on household … top incomes in the latter, and provide improved estimates of UK inequality trends since the mid-1990s. We show there was a … marked increase in income inequality in the early 2000s that survey-based estimates do not reveal, and our conclusions are …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011434172
inequality indices when estimated from complex survey data. It turns out that this method also greatly simplifies the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011438447
We provide an analytical framework within which changes in income inequality over time are related to the pattern of … income inequality grew substantially), and also for income growth to have been pro-poor. Income growth was also pro-poor in … Western Germany, more so than in the USA, and inequality did not rise as much. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011439136
I determine UK income inequality levels and trends by combining inequality estimates from tax return data (for the … enhance comparability. For top income recipients, I estimate inequality and mean income by fitting Pareto models to the tax … with a threshold set at the 99th or 95th percentile (depending on year). Conclusions about aggregate UK inequality trends …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011533854
I determine UK income inequality levels and trends by combining inequality estimates from tax return data (for the … enhance comparability. For top income recipients, I estimate inequality and mean income by fitting Pareto models to the tax … with a threshold set at the 99th or 95th percentile (depending on year). Conclusions about aggregate UK inequality trends …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011521081
is evidence about real income levels and inequality, and the prevalence of affluence and of poverty. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010477878