This paper applies a CDM-model framework to depict the successive links (correlations) between (i) innovation … expenditure, (ii) innovation output, and (iii) firm productivity. The CDM model has become popular in many countries among … scholars using data from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS). First, the study contrasts a general structural OECD version of …

outperformed by domestic multinationals in R&D and innovation engagement. Finally, the results on labor productivity are at …

generally outperformed by domestic multinationals in R&D and innovation engagement. Third, despite the fact that domestic … multinationals are considerably more involved in national innovation systems than other firms, they are not producing more innovation …