The mix of formal and informal mechanisms for contract enforcement is examined using survey data from Russia, Ukraine … more effective, the courts or relational contracting? Do trade associations play a role in contract enforcement? Does …

Nobel for their fundamental contributions to contract theory. This article offers a short summary and discussion of their …

-seller relationship with renegotiation. Our paper provides causal experimental evidence that an initial contract has a highly significant … threatpoints. We compare situations in which an initial contract is renegotiated to strategically equivalent bargaining situations … in which no ex ante contract was written. The ex ante contract causes sellers to ask for markups that are 45 percent …

, which offer important new insights into the interaction of contract choices, fairness and incentives. …