of this pattern. The pandemic has had huge impact on the conduct of stabilization policies in the EU. Public debt has … grown rapidly in many EU member states. The ECB has carried out a highly expansionary monetary policy. In this paper, we … discuss the implications for the EU of a move towards increased fiscal federalism following the pandemic. First, the role of …

Austria, Finland and Sweden became members of the EU in 1995. This paper examines how support for the euro and trust in … that citizens in the EU, both within and outside the euro area, judge the euro and the ECB based on the economic …