We investigate which of the two main centers of gold trading — the London spot market and the New York futures market — plays a more important role in setting the price of gold. Using intraday data during a 17-year period we find that although both markets contribute to price discovery, the...

Recent research has identified the presence of behavioral influences on traders in predominantly professionally traded markets such as oil, gold, and foreign exchange. Previous research had largely confined behavioral-based investigations to equity markets due to an assumption that noise traders...

Recent research has identified the presence of behavioral influences on traders in predominantly professionally traded markets such as oil, gold, and foreign exchange. Previous research had largely confined behavioral-based investigations to equity markets due to an assumption that noise traders...

In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in sample estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation...

In addition to a myriad of industrial uses, precious metals continue to play an important role in the global financial system; they are increasingly popular as an investment and form part of a well-diversified portfolio in addition to acting as central bank reserves. Understanding how...

This paper examines the relationship between news coverage and Bitcoin returns. Previous studies have provided evidence to suggest that macroeconomic news affects stock returns, commodities and interest rates. We extend the approach developed by Birz and Lott [2011] to examine the hypothesis...

This study examines if business confidence and consumer confidence can explain variability of stock market returns across countries. Based on the analysis of monthly time series cross-sectional (panel) data from 31 countries, the results show that stock market return goes up by an average of 154...

We examine the existence and dates of pricing bubbles in Bitcoin and Ethereum, two popular cryptocurrencies using the Phillips et al. (2011) methodology. In contrast to previous papers, we examine the fundamental drivers of the price. Having derived ratios that are economically and...

Rapidly growing numbers of empirical papers assessing the financial effects of COVID-19 pandemic triggered an urgent need for a study summarising the existing knowledge of contagion phenomenon. This paper provides a review of conceptual approaches to studying financial contagion at four levels...

This paper is set up to dissect the covariance patterns of the returns on the commodity and equity markets. Analyzing monthly return data from 1970:M1 to 2013M7, the results show that returns on the commodity and equity markets co-vary weakly in the opposite direction (r=-0.12) in the 1970s,...