Canadian firms have different roots (e.g., more concentrated ownership and smaller size) than U.S. firms and Canadian regulatory enforcement follows a different route (principle- versus rule-based) that embodies the underlying intent of Sarbanes–Oxley (SOX). Financial restatements are more...

Canadian financial restatements announced during 1997–2006 lower market quality and signal to market participants that expected future cash flows and their uncertainty are diminished and increased, respectively. Abnormal returns are related to downward revisions in consensus earnings...