The very basis of macroeconomics is the circular flow of expenditures and incomes. From this follows the conclusion that it is demand which determines supply and not vice versa. The most paradoxical result of this approach is the hypothesis that investment finances itself by quantity adjustment,...

In a simplified model GDP growth depends on the demand effect of private investment growth and on the growth of the private savings ratio. In a generalized model private investment (IP) has to be supplemented by the trade balance (E) and the budget deficit (D), their sum being termed NPCE...

The author intends to prove that economic policy in Germany after 1979 was opposed to that recommended by Kalecki in his famous 'Three ways to Full Employment' and was responsible for the surge in unemployment. Part I of the paper sketches the theoretical background of Kalecki's recommendations....

Interim Romanian government sworn in any room for manoeuvring? (by Gábor Hunya; pp. 1-4) Keywords Elections, Fiscal policy Countries covered Romania Topics Macroeconomic Analysis and Policy Croatia's EU membership lessons from earlier accessions (by Hermine Vidovic; pp. 5 7) Keywords Integration,...

The Central, East and Southeast European (CESEE) economies will experience on average a minor rebound of economic growth to 1% in 2010 which will speed up to 2.5% in 2011 and 3.5% in 2012. GDP growth will be higher in the CIS countries and in Turkey, about average in the Central European NMS and...

The paper starts with examining the standard concept of government expenditure multiplier and finds that in a model of open economy with government revenues and expenditures the multiplier definition is incorrect in so far as the import intensity component relates total imports to GDP, whereas...

Growth of aggregate demand at any given private saving rate depends on growth of private investment, export surplus and budget deficit. Slower growth of private investment in the mid-1970s has triggered stagnation trends in Europe's developed economies, caused mainly by inadequate aggregate...

Serbia after Djindjic (by Vladimir Gligorov) Countries covered Serbia EU enlargement assessing the impact of transfers (by Sándor Richter) EU membership and income level convergence the experience of the Cohesion Countries (by Kazimierz Laski and Roman Römisch) Selected monthly data on the...

Converging/diverging European regions (by R. Römisch, pp. 1-4) Keywords Regions, EU, Convergence Countries covered European Union, New EU Member States Topics Regional Development The new EU members' potential for trade in services (by J. Wörz, pp. 8-12) Keywords Trade, Services Countries...