Many European countries entertain considerable active labour market policies (ALMP) to increase the reemployment chances of the unemployed. Since policies are very costly the pressure for scientific evaluations of the single programmes that are part of the ALMP increases. This paper surveys...

The assumption that the assignment to treatments is ignorable conditional on attributes plays an important role in the applied statistic and econometric evaluation literature. Another term for it is conditional independence assumption. This paper discusses identification when there are more than...