royalty base in licensing negotiations and disputes. This paper analyzes the welfare implication of the two rules abstracting … explain why most licensing contracts include royalties based on the value of sales …

At which stage in the production chain should patent licensing takes place? In this paper we show that under realistic … circumstances a patent holder would be better off by licensing downstream. This occurs when the licensing revenue can depend on the …, downstream licensing increases allocative efficiency. However, it might reduce the incentives to invest by the manufacturers and …

We analyze the optimal licensing contract that a patentee provides for a cost reducing innovation to a set of firms … competing in a downstream market. We study two alternative licensing regimes: (i) a combination of royalties on sales and flat …

This paper proposes a framework to analyze holdout in patent licensing negotiations. We show that when the validity of …