The paper introduces the concept of a firm's normal employment level as a weighted average of past employment levels and it analyzes the impact of an incentive scheme in which a firm receives a reward (or pays a penalty) when it deviates above (below) its normal employment level. The result is...

The paper compares the pay-as-you-go system and a capital funded system of old age insurance. The capital funded system has a higher rate of return. Pension income can be obtained at lower costs for the individual. This implies efficiency gains in terms of higher savings and reduced distortion...