Remedying the European Union's deficient overall business research and development performance requires the nurturing of more new companies in new sectors, enabling them to grow to leading-innovator status. This means addressing young leading innovators' access to external finance, particularly...

The paper examines the performance of European VC backed firms operating in the life science and ICT industries at IPO and in the long run. Empirical evidence shows a lower underpricing for VC backed companies and lower volatility of returns in the first days and first weeks of trading,...

This study evaluates the underpricing of the European companies operating in the life science industries at IPO. Results show a positive and high underpricing for the IPOs occurred between 2002 and 2007. Moreover, when differentiating between VC backed and non VC backed firms, we find that the...