Organizations face trade-offs when designing growth strategies. With limited resources, managers have to decide in which type of business they want to deploy their resources. We integrate the Penrosian theory of the growth of the firm with institutional perspectives to analyze when business...

Going alone on an adventure tour can be hazardous. Good friends help, if only through their advice. The same holds true for small businesses aiming for major international markets. They rely on information, support services and networks that are jointly built up with business partners. Business...

Despite mediocre macro-economic performance of the German economy, German companies are successful players in global trade. This article explores the strategies of one of the pillars of this export success, the 'Hidden Champions.' Our empirical analysis focuses on their leading medium size...

The effects of "distance" between organizational units have been a prime concern of scholars aiming to explain international business strategies. We expand this line of research to distinguish formal and informal aspects of the institutional frameworks, which have different implications for...

Foreign investors are expected to contribute to economic development through a variety of channels. However, many foreign investment operations are small, and almost insignificant in their impact on the local environment. An important indication of the potential contribution of foreign investors...

This paper explores the impact that foreign investors in the transition economies have on the evolution of market relationships. Starting points are the role of networks and the process of enterprise transformation in economic transition. On this basis, the evolution of the supplier network of...

Innovation offshoring (IO) has become a widespread management practice. Yet, evidence on the performance implications is inconsistent, and scattered across disciplines and contexts. We argue that the benefits firms can derive from IO depend on the institutional environment at home. Drawing on...

We study how the country of origin of a firm influences its internationalization, analyzing emerging economy multinational companies (EMNCs) as a laboratory for extending theory. EMNCs have been observed to vary from advanced economy MNCs (AMNCs), suggesting that the home context is the critical...