Tables and figures -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Contributors. Introduction / Naoyuki Yoshino, Peter J. Morgan, and Bihong Huang -- Transitioning from low-income growth to high-income growth: is there a middle-income trap? / David Bulman, Maya Eden, and Ha Nguyen -- The middle-income trap:...

An energy resource as a production input plays a major role in various economic sectors, including commodity production, transportation, and electricity generation. However, increased energy consumption may lead to more air pollution, resulting in negative health impacts in a society. The main...

This paper reviews the effectiveness of unconventional monetary policies and their relevance for emerging markets. Such policies may be useful either when interbank rates fall to zero, or when a credit crunch or rise in risk premium impairs the normal transmission mechanism of monetary policy....

The aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2007 - 2009 has called the export-led growth model of Asian economies into question. This paper describes the contribution that macroeconomic policy can make to promote a rebalancing of growth away from dependence on exports to developed economies...