Bank mandated that a commercial bank can open a branch in a location with one or more bank branches only if it opens four … in locations with no bank branches. We show that between 1977 and 1990 this rule caused banks to open relatively more … exploit this fact to identify the impact of opening a rural bank on poverty and output. Our estimates suggest that the Indian …

large dams in India. To account for endogenous placement of dams we use GIS data and the fact that river gradient affects a … estimates suggest that large dam construction in India is a marginally cost-effective investment with significant distributional …