estimation results, we relate productivity estimates with import competition, using firm and product level measures of import … competition. We find that if productivity at the firm level tends to positively react to increased import competition, the multi … efficiency in producing that core product, in which it has a productivity advantage. However, when the degree of foreign …

estimation results, we relate productivity estimates with import competition, using firm and product level measures of import … competition. We find that if productivity at the firm level tends to positively react to increased import competition, the multi … efficiency in producing that core product, in which it has a productivity advantage. However, when the degree of foreign …

product and process innovation among exporting firms and these innovations have a larger impact on productivity improvement in … than firms that only sell in the domestic market, and, subsequently, have higher rates of productivity growth. The …' productivity growth and incentive to invest in R&D. …