-in-differences design to causally identify the short-run impact of COVID-19 on innovation spending in 2020 and expected innovation spending … substantially reduced innovation expenditure not only in the first year of the pandemic (2020) but also in the two subsequent years …, indicating ’Long–Covid’ effects on innovation. In 2020, innovation expenditure fell by 4.7 % due to the pandemic. In 2022 …

Increasing investment in innovation has been a major goal of research and innovation policy in Europe over the past … innovations, and this is first and foremost the task of firms. Turning R&D into successful innovation is a tricky business … tool for achieving successful product innovation. …