Using individual-level data from the European Social Survey, we study the relevance of gender norms in accounting for … the motherhood employment gap across 186 European NUTS2 regions (over 29 countries) for the 2002-2016 period. The gender … potential endogeneity of our gender norms measure with an index of the degree of reproductive health liberalization when …

Using individual-level data from the European Social Survey, we study the relevance of gender norms in accounting for … the motherhood employment gap across 186 European NUTS2 regions (over 29 countries) for the 2002-2016 period. The gender … potential endogeneity of our gender norms measure with an index of the degree of reproductive health liberalization when …

variation in the share of individuals with non-traditional gender norms across birth-cohorts, survey year, education, and ….4% standard deviation. Our measure of non-traditional gender norms is the share of women who disagree with the statement "men …

-risk youth ; resilience ; deviancy training ; deterrence ; primary- and high-school ; post-secondary education ; remedial …

activities, complete high-school and enroll in post-secondary education on youths' engagement in risky behaviors, such as …