the number of procedures, official time, and official cost that a start-up must bear before it can operate legally. The … limited governments have fewer entry regulations. The evidence is inconsistent with Pigouvian (helping hand) theories of …

We investigate the regulation of labor markets through employment laws, collective bargaining laws, and social security … laws in 85 countries. We find that richer countries regulate labor less than poorer countries do, although they have more … generous social security systems. The political power of the left is associated with more stringent labor regulations and more …