to compensation; a longer shadow of the future can intensify conflict; and, more competition among providers of …

conflict, we find that income levels unambiguously increase the chance of peace. Among other issues, we discuss the critical …

static contest model, in which two sides choose levels of arming and whether to engage in actual conflict or settle in the … shadow of conflict. We show how arming critically depends on both governance and norms, and therefore how societies with …

I critically review recent studies that estimate those costs of violence and conflict that can emerge among organized … of organized conflict and violence are aggregated. …

to compensation; a longer shadow of the future can intensify conflict; and, more competition among providers of …

I critically review recent studies that estimate those costs of violence and conflict that can emerge among organized … of organized conflict and violence are aggregated. …

In this chapter, we review the recent literature on conflict and appropriation. Allowing for the possibility of … conflict, which amounts to recognizing the possibility that property rights are not perfectly and costlessly enforced … technologies of conflict. A central objective of this research is to identify the effects of conflict on economic outcomes: the …