leadership. Apart from this strategic advantage we observe that foreign external sources of innovation are generally not superior …

Public procurement has been at the centre of recent discussions on innovation policy on both European and national … levels (e.g., Aho-Report, Barcelona Strategy). It has a large potential to stimulate innovation since it accounts for 16% of … combined EU-15 GDP. We embed public procurement for innovation into the broader framework of public policies to stimulate …

for innovation at home. We suggest a combination of three factors to identify and explain such innovation strategies … customers as a source for innovation that is more beneficial to standardized products and becomes more feasible if the lead … regulation. Hence, companies optimize or augment their innovation activities by invoking ideas from foreign suppliers. Then again …

We investigate whether appointing a middle management level affects startups' innovation performance. Additional …