In this survey, we argue that the economic analysis of fertility has entered a new era. First-generation models of … fertility choice were designed to account for two empirical regularities that, in the past, held both across countries and … across families in a given country: a negative relationship between income and fertility, and another negative relationship …

larger families than women do. Within countries, we find wide dispersion in spouses' desired fertility: there are many … to which women are empowered should matter for fertility choices. We point to evidence at both the macro and micro levels … of fertility is an important challenge for research. …