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The impact of public basic research on industrial innovation : evidence from the pharmaceutical industry

Toole, Andrew A. - 2011 - This version: March 2011

While most economists believe that public scientific research fuels industry innovation and economic growth, systematic … size as a significant driver of drug innovation in the pharmaceutical industry, but they did not find any evidence … supporting science-driven innovation from publicly funded research. This paper uses new data on biomedical research investments …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009374417

Life scientist mobility from academe to industry : does academic entrepreneurship induce a costly "brain drain" on the not-for-profit research sector?

Toole, Andrew A. (contributor); Czarnitzki, Dirk (contributor) - 2007

who start or join for-profit firms using information from the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program and …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003607671

Does public scientific research complement industry R & D investment? : The case of NIH supported basic and clinical research and pharmaceutical industry R & D

Toole, Andrew A. (contributor) - 2005

This research investigates the hypothesis that publicly funded scientific research complements private R&D investment in the pharmaceutical industry. New microlevel data on public research investment by the U.S. National Institutes of Health allow measures of basic and clinical research in seven...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003224327

The impact of public basic research on industrial innovation : evidence from the pharmaceutical industry

Toole, Andrew A. - 2000

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10001573286

Industry-science connections in agriculture : do public science collaborations and knowledge flows contribute to firm-level agricultural research productivity?

Toole, Andrew A.; King, John L. - 2011

Prior research shows long-run productivity growth in agriculture is associated with increases in the stock of public scientific knowledge and private patented inventions. However, private inventions may be a function of the stock of public knowledge. In this paper, we examine the possibility...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009374412

The contribution of public science to industrial innovation : an application to the pharmaceutical industry

Toole, Andrew A. - 1998

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10001465609

Biomedical academic entrepreneurship through the SBIR program

Toole, Andrew A. (contributor); Czarnitzki, Dirk (contributor) - 2005

This paper considers the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program as a policy fostering academic …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003025585