This discussion paper elaborates on five serious flaws with proposals for investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) in proposed Europe-United States and Europe-Canada trade deals known by the acronyms TTIP and CETA. The issues elaborated in the paper are: the unjustified replacement of judges...

The paper provides an 11-page summary of comments on the European Commission's proposal for investor-state arbitration in the EU-US Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) and in the Canada-EU Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA)

The paper provides a detailed response to the European Commission's proposed approach to investor-state arbitration in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). It offers a general response followed by detailed replies to substantive and procedural questions posed by the...

This article reports on a study of potential systemic bias in the resolution of ambiguous legal issues by investment treaty arbitrators. It outlines tentative but significant findings that the arbitrators in general tended to favour (a) foreign investors over states in general, (b) foreign...

We collected data on the size and wealth of the foreign investors that have brought claims and received compensation due to ISDS. Our main findings are that the beneficiaries of ISDS, in the aggregate, have overwhelmingly been companies with more than USD1 billion in annual revenue –...

These notes provide a general reaction to a proposal by the German economy and energy ministry for ISDS in a treaty between Europe and the U.S. Overall, the proposal takes only a minority of the steps needed to make ISDS independent, fair, open, subsidiary, and balanced. I suggest that the...

The article draws on the theoretical perspective of Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) to review a case study in international investment arbitration. The case study is an International Chamber of Commerce arbitration arising from controversies over Bechtel, Enron, and the...

The study examines arbitrator behaviour in the uniquely context of investment treaty arbitration. It employs the method of content analysis to test hypotheses of systemic bias in the resolution of jurisdictional issues in investment treaty law. Unlike earlier studies, the study examines trends...