This paper examines the direction and extent of the asymmetric volatility connectedness among international equity markets using 5-minute interval data from 16 stock markets. We analyze asymmetric volatility connectedness using realized volatility and identify the magnitude of the volatility...

This study addresses whether gold exhibits the function of a hedge or safe haven as often referred to in academia. It contributes to the existing literature by (i) revisiting this question for the principal stock markets in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and (ii) using the...