), covering almost 80% of retail electricity sales in the region. Although many of these state policies have only recently been … fossil fuel prices, environmental concerns, and policy support at the state and federal levels. In this article, we review … and discuss what are arguably the two most important types of state policies for supporting electricity generation from …

Markets for renewable electricity have grown significantly in recent years, motivated in part by federal tax incentives … less widely recognized driver for renewable energy market growth is poised to also play an important role in the coming …. In aggregate, these utilities supply approximately half of all electricity demand in the western United States. In …

-owned utilities in the Western U.S. Together, these utilities account for approximately 60percent of retail electricity sales in the …-reaching -- risk currently facing the electricity industry is the uncertain cost of future carbon dioxide (CO2) regulations …

market for oil, (2) current oil prices, (3) externally generated oil price forecasts, and (4) the historical difficulty in … under business-as-usual market and policy conditions. In recognition of the insurance value of R&D, however, the Office of … heightened natural gas and oil prices, and (3) a Carbon Cap-and-Trade Scenario. The immediate goal is to use these scenarios to …

renewable electricity generation, and may be (and increasingly are) sold separately from the underlying electricity itself. RECs … electricity both make claims to the renewable energy attributes of the facility in question (Hamrin and Wingate 2003). When … renewable electricity is sold and purchased, an important question therefore arises: ''Who owns the RECs created by the …