European firms have increasingly invested in training of employees but differences across countries and types of firms … remain – and the Covid-19 shock may have exacerbated them. This report analyses European firms' investment in training over … the last six years examining trends, factors supporting training investment as well as the impact of the Covid-19 shock …

in training per employee after adopting advanced digital technologies (ADT). We estimate with a control function approach … firm-level production functions augmented with two factors, the training stock per employee and digital technology use. We … show that ADT use and employee training are substitutes in production, implying that an increase in the former negatively …

affect employers' decisions to invest in employee training. It combines survey data on investment activities with … this index reduces investment in training as a share of fixed assets by 2.9 to 4.5 percent and investment in training per … employee by 1.8 to 2.5 percent. The paper documents that lower investment in training reduces productivity, and show that firms …

employers' decision to invest in employee training. We combine survey data on investment activities with administrative data on … investment in training as a share of fixed assets by 2.9 to 4.5 percent and investment in training per employee by 1.8 to 2 ….5 percent. We document that lower investment in training reduces productivity, and show that firms facing tighter financing …

affect employers' decisions to invest in employee training. It combines survey data on investment activities with … this index reduces investment in training as a share of fixed assets by 2.9 to 4.5 percent and investment in training per … employee by 1.8 to 2.5 percent. The paper documents that lower investment in training reduces productivity, and show that firms …

employers' decision to invest in employee training. We combine survey data on investment activities with administrative data on … investment in training as a share of fixed assets by 2.9 to 4.5 percent and investment in training per employee by 1.8 to 2 ….5 percent. We document that lower investment in training reduces productivity, and show that firms facing tighter financing …

in employee training and physical capital differently. We measure financing constraints with an index that combines … effect on investment in training, but substantially reduce investment in physical capital. …

European firms have increasingly invested in training of employees but differences across countries and types of firms … remain - and the Covid-19 shock may have exacerbated them. This report analyses European firms' investment in training over … the last six years examining trends, factors supporting training investment as well as the impact of the Covid-19 shock …

in training per employee after adopting advanced digital technologies (ADT). We estimate with a control function approach … firm-level production functions augmented with two factors, the training stock per employee and digital technology use. We … show that ADT use and employee training are substitutes in production, implying that an increase in the former negatively …