-level imports by country of origin and distinguish betweenfirm-level outsourcing of nal versus intfirmediate goods. Results indicate … that, both industry-level import competition andfirm-level outsourcing to China reducefirm employment growth and induce … skill upgrading. In contrast, industry-level imports have no e ect on Belgianfirm survival, whilefirm-level outsourcing of …

-level imports by country of origin and distinguish between firm-level outsourcing of final versus intermediate goods. Results … indicate that, both industry-level import competition and firm-level outsourcing to China reduce firm employment growth and …-level outsourcing of finished goods to China even increased firm's probability of survival. In terms of skill upgrading, the effect of …

-level imports by country of origin and distinguish between firm-level outsourcing of final versus intermediate goods. Results … indicate that, both industry-level import competition and firm-level outsourcing to China reduce firm employment growth and …-level outsourcing of finished goods to China even increased firm's probability of survival. In terms of skill upgrading, the effect of …

-level imports by country of origin and further distinguish between firm-level offshoring of final versus intermediate goods. Results … competition has no effect on firm survival, while offshoring of finished goods to China actually increases firms' probability of … in low-tech Belgian manufacturing over our period of analysis. Offshoring to China further accounts for a small but …

country of origin and distinguish between firm-level outsourcing of final versus intermediate goods. Results indicate that … China is different from both other low-wage and OECD countries. Industry-level import competition and firm-level outsourcing … Belgian firm survival, while firm-level outsourcing of finished goods to China even increased firm's probability of survival …

country of origin and distinguish between firm-level outsourcing of final versus intermediate goods. Results indicate that … China is different from both other low-wage and OECD countries. Industry-level import competition and firm-level outsourcing … Belgian firm survival, while firm-level outsourcing of finished goods to China even increased firm's probability of survival …

-level imports by country of origin and distinguish between firm-level outsourcing of final versus intermediate goods. Results … indicate that, both industry-level import competition and firm-level outsourcing to China reduce firm employment growth and …-level outsourcing of finished goods to China even increased firm's probability of survival. In terms of skill upgrading, the effect of …

-level imports by country of origin and distinguish between rm-level outsourcing of nal versus intermediate goods. Results indicate … that, both industry-level import competition and rm-level outsourcing to China reduce rm employment growth and induce skill … upgrading. In contrast, industry-level imports have no e ect on Belgian rm survival, while rm-level outsourcing of nished goods …