society. The paper suggests that skilled immigration promotes economic equality in advanced economies under standard …

for Germany, the largest European immigration country, shows that more than 60% of the migrants are indeed repeat migrants … for repeated moves of migrants between the host and home countries. The Markov transition matrix between the states in two …. The out-migration per year is low, about 10%. Migrants are more likely to leave again early after their arrival in Germany …

Germany, the largest European immigration country, are indeed repeat migrants. The findings indicate that immigrants from … circular migration as it is manifested by the frequency of exits of migrants living in Germany, and by the number of years …. Those migrants with family in the home country remain out longer but are not more frequently out. …