In January 2007, U.K. Government debt to GDP stood at 32.5%. By December 2019 it had grown to 89.5% and the latest data from September 2020 show a government debt level of just over £2 trillion, while its debt to GDP level did increase to 103.5%. The Quantitative Easing program by the Bank of...

The Greek parliamentary elections in January .2015 led to a foreseeable change in government. The coalition government between the conservative Nea Dimokratia and of the socialist PASOK, become replaced. by a coalition government between the left wing coalition party SYRIZA and the extreme...

This note discusses the drivers of the persistent post-crisis slump in the Euro Area (EA) and the US, and it gives a brief overview of the research literature that studies the slump. The note argues that financial shocks were key determinants of the 2008-09 Great Recession, for both the EA and...

This paper discusses Japanese motor vehicle manufacturing investment and state intervention measures in the Australian market. Australia’s auto industry is an extension of global motor vehicle manufacturers with a small number of domestic manufacturing firms that form a part of the global...

Future sustainable economic development depends heavily on public policy at regional, national, and global levels. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct a thorough policy analysis that ensures consistent and effective policy guidance. However, a major challenge in traditional policy analysis is...

This paper is a stock-taking exercise that brings together existing findings and new insights on the potential costs and benefits of EU membership for both Turkey and the EU. As far as Turkey is concerned, we focus on the costs and benefits of EU membership that are likely to result from...

We analyse the long-run imbalances of finance-dominated capitalism underlying the present crisis – which began in 2007 – with a focus on developments in the US and Germany. We argue that beyond inefficient regulation of the financial sector, the severeness of the present crisis has been...

This paper analyzes German and Spanish fiscal policy using simple policy rules. We choose Germany and Spain, as both are Member States in the European Monetary Union (EMU) and underwent considerable increases in public debt in the early 1990s. We focus on the question, how fiscal policy behaves...

The budget of the European Union (EU) is financed by the member states’ own resources and has different types of sources. A tax which represents the percentage of a member state’s Gross National Product into the European Union’s Gross National Product is one the main source for the budget....

In this paper using monthly data for the period 1981-2018, we adopted VARmethodology to show the nexus of foreign direct investment(FDI), the exchange rate (EXR), and net exports in order to reveal the effect of one variable on the other. Granger causality test, impulse response functions as...