Economics

Economics

The impact of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is analyzed in a closed-economy model with monopolistic competition in banking and where CBDC is an imperfect substitute with bank deposits. The design of CBDC is characterized by its interest rate, its substitutability with bank deposits, and...

This paper introduces endogenous and directed technical change in a growth model with environmentalconstraints. A unique final good is produced by combining inputs from two sectors. Oneof these sectors uses “dirty” machines and thus creates environmental degradation. Research canbe directed...

¿Es verdaderamente la crisis financiera 2007-2008 de las hipotecas sub-prime en EEUU, un fenómeno nuevo y diferente? Nuestro examen de los registros históricos más extensos encuentra asombrosas similitudes, tanto cuantitativas como cualitativas, con 18 crisis financieras en países...

This paper examines the depth and duration of the slump that invariably follows severe financial crises, which tend to be protracted affairs. We find that asset market collapses are deep and prolonged. On a peak-to-trough basis, real housing price declines average 35 percent stretched out over...

Africa lags behind other regions in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). In some circumstances, there are obvious explanations for the absence of FDI, such as a high incidence of war. In this paper, we examine the role that monetary and exchange rate policy may have played in explaining...

This paper introduces the concept of “debt intolerance,” which manifests itself in the extreme duress many emerging markets experience at debt levels that would seem manageable by advanced country standards. We argue that “safe” external debt-to-GNP thresholds for debt intolerant...

Lucas (1990) argued that it was a paradox that more capital does not flow from rich countries to poor countries. He rejected the standard explanation of expropriation risk and argued that paucity of capital flows to poor countries must instead be rooted in externalities in human capital...

We develop a novel system of reclassifying historical exchange rate regimes. One key difference between our study and previous classifications is that we employ monthly data on market-determined parallel exchange rates going back to 1946 for 153 countries. Our approach differs from the IMF...