Under the World Trade Organization's (WTO) current dispute settlement system (DSS) the utmost threat to a non-complying offender of a trade agreement is posed by the retaliation of the victorious complainant. Several scholars argue that the smaller and poorer a country is, the more difficult a...

The U.S. Department of Justice, the European Commission, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have all recently voiced concern about international price- fixing cartels. The U.S. and European Union have increased prosecution of international cartels in the past decade,...

We show that the effects of tariff changes on welfare and import volume are fully characterised by their effects on the generalised mean and variance of the tariff distribution, implying two “cones of liberalisation” in commodity price space. Because welfare is negatively but import volume...

A basic result of new economic geography (NEG) models is that the proximity to consumer markets impacts wages and employment within regions. The ongoing process of European integration, being targeted on the reduction of barriers to trade and factor mobility, has presumably changed relative...

This paper analyses the economic effects of different magnitudes of tariff cuts, different tariff cutting formulas, the implications of tariff capping as well as different numbers and width of tariff bands in the market access pillar of the Doha Round agricultural negotiations. The simulations...

In a context in which price uncertainty is likely to increase, expected market trends need to be taken carefully into account while negotiating international trade policy rules. This paper aims at analyzing what is their influence on the use of policy flexibilities in the context of WTO...

Market access in the WTO is highly fragmented due to exceptions from GATT principles. Tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) stand in contradiction to the principle of the GATT, according to which all quantitative restrictions in international trade should be eliminated. Bhagwati’s theorem of the...

Regional integration has been used with varying success to overcome disadvantages associated with smallsize. The fundamental premise for regional cooperation in the Caribbean has been the promotion of economicdevelopment particularly in the manufacturing and industrial sectors. The opportunity...

Im Jahre 1991 vollzogen Argentinien, Brasilien, Uruguay und Paraguay mit der Gründung des “Gemeinsamen Marktes des Südens” (Mercado Común del Sur/MERCOSUR) einen wirtschaftspolitischen Paradigmenwechsel in Richtung Integration in die Weltwirtschaft und Nutzung komparativer...