Bond markets in emerging markets are illiquid as investors and issuers grapple with major microstructure and legal issues. The importance of bond markets as a source of finance has increased during the economic slowdown as companies diversified away from reliance on banks for funding and many...

Against the background of the current debate about fiscal sustainability in several advanced economies, this paper estimates the determinants of sovereign bond spreads of the G7 countries, using high-frequency proxies for market expectations about macroeconomic fundamentals. It allows for...

As of today any official or informal communication with respect to Europe’s economic future is most of the time accompanied by a unique keyword: „uncertainty”; several factors are at the same time being mentioned: global economy trends, fossil fuels price, Brexit, refugee crisis. With...

Using quarterly data on commercial banks operating in Pakistan over a period of 2002-2014, this study finds that banking sector in Pakistan takes more risk during ease and infection ratio increases with a rise in policy rate. In addition, with lower return on asset and small capital base, banks...

We model a typical Asian-crisis-economy using dynamic general equilibrium tech-niques. Exchange rates obtain from nontrivial fiat-currencies demands. Sudden stops/bank-panics are possible, and key for evaluating the merits of alternative ex-change rate regimes. Strategic complementarities...

I study how monetary policy affects firms' external financing decisions. More precisely, I study the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to credit costs in a general equilibrium macroeconomic model where firms issue corporate bonds or obtain bank loans, and corporate bonds are not just...

How does heightened uncertainty affect the costs of raising finance through the bond market and through bank loans? Empirically, I find that a rise in uncertainty is accompanied by an increase in corporate bond yields and a decrease in bank lending rates. This new stylized fact can be explained...

Interest rates in the USA and in other countries have experienced persistent and generalised declines since the 1980s. The main interpretations of this phenomenon ignore the role of monetary factors, such as financial and monetary policy. The essay proposes an alternative interpretation based on...

The study examines challenges to monetary policy transmission, focusing on the National Bank of Ethiopia's (NBE) price stabilization policies. The NBE's monetary policy framework aims to maintain price and exchange rate stability while supporting economic growth. However, controlling the broad...

In the first essay, Calomiris argues that the most desirable means by which to achieve banking system stability is to permit unlimited branch banking combined with the type of privately administered formal deposit insurance programs of antebellum Indiana, Ohio, and Iowa. In the second essay,...