The poor socio-economic outcomes of women who have their first child when young are well documented. However, the policy implications of this association depend upon the causal mechanisms that underlie it. Recent studies in the US and UK have used miscarriage as an instrument to identify the...

Data collected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) in its surveys of household income and expenditure are widely used to examine poverty, disadvantage and income distribution and how they have changed (ABS 2002a; Barrett, Crossley and Worswick 2000; Bray 2001; Harding, Lloyd and Greenwell 2001; Saunders...