Background: An examination of where in the income distribution income is most strongly associated with risk of mortality will provide guidance for identifying the most critical pathways underlying the connections between income and mortality, and may help to inform public health interventions to...

We propose a scaled linear mixed model to assess the effects of exposure and other covariates on multiple continuous outcomes. The most general form of the model allows a different exposure effect for each outcome. An important special case is a model that represents the exposure effects using a...