In this paper I want to describe one way of thinking about information. In effect, this paper relates to the notion that organizational or societal models of economic equilibrium incorporate a decision-making mechanism that is influenced by the independent judgment of each individual. This...

The Szpilrajn "constructive type" theorem on extending binary relations, or its generalizations by Dushnik and Miller [10], is one of the best known theorems in social sciences and mathematical economics. Arrow [1], Fishburn [11], Suzumura [22], Donaldson and Weymark [8] and others utilize...

The gap between the willingness to accept and willingness to pay is the outcome of incomplete valuation. The problem therefore is more about completing the valuation procedure. The first part of the solution involves two items: one is the inclusion of the direct and indirect income effects and...

The gap between the willingness to accept and willingness to pay is the outcome of incomplete valuation. The problem therefore is more about completing the valuation procedure. The first part of the solution involves two items: one is the inclusion of the direct and indirect income effects and...

The objective of this paper to characterize some indicators of overall performance of Dutch Lady Malaysia with specific risk factors and macroeconomics factors (GDP, inflation rate) on return on assets (profitability). The information was collected from Dutch Lady Malaysia annual report for five...

Macroeconomics has been often criticized for being useless particularly since the Great Recession. In this paper, I show that macroeconomics is still important, useful, and needed on the basis of the concept of a “Nash equilibrium of a Pareto-inefficient path” (NEPIP). On a NEPIP, the...

We have chosen to study the FDI topic as its world table of flows’ landscape, together with the role of individual countries as adequate in context in a series of papers of both large(r) and narrow(er) size(s). A distinct theory of FDI (sources) was equally needed – while / despite that...

None of the known macroeconomic theories are adequate to understand what to do in a global crisis like the 2020 Global Pandemic. Rational Expectations and monetarism cannot even ex-plain how is that a global crisis like this happens. The IS-LM model was designed to manage business cycles, but...

This book presents the history of economic thought as it relates to today’s most pressing problems, and it emphasizes the critical connection that exists between what may seem cold, unrealistic mathematical economic models, and the quality of everyday life of any citizen of the planet earth....

The literature on the impact of exchange rate volatility on foreign trade is based on two different views. The first view suggests that volatility will reduce foreign trade through real and financial risk factors. The opposite hypothesis is that trade volume and flows will determine exchange...