Recently, there has been a significant increase in the number of international trade companies in the Kurdistan Region. This is crucial evidence that the Kurdistan Region can influence the world economy and politics. The economic integration between the Kurdistan Region and Eurozone countries is...

Today, more than 50 years after the Rome Treaty, the EU has made great strides in its’ economic integration and liberalization of movement of goods and people. International trade theory predicts deepening economic integration inside the European Union will increase regional trade and have...

Do export sanctions cause export deflection? Data on Iranian non-oil exporters between January 2006 and June 2011 shows that two-thirds of these exports were deflected to non-sanctioning countries after sanctions were imposed in 2008, and that at this time aggregate exports actually increased....

In view of the global run on African resources the EU is at pains to conclude Economic Partnership Programs with African states up to October 2014. The EPAs are meant not just to liberalize trade but also to promote economic development in Africa and thus creating a win-win situation in a...

Africa stands to gain from a free trade area (FTA) with a market of over 1.3 billion people. However, given the proliferation of trade agreements between parties to the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and third parties, globalization, which is marked by the proliferation of...

The objective of this study is to identify not only the contours of power, asymmetric domination or stato-centrism in global economic governance, but also to analyze the scope of international cooperation or regimes (IR) in international economic relations (REI). For this fact, it combines the...

Trade under Contractual Development Area (FTCDA) to give up the dilemma Free-Trade vs Protectionist Policy which are second and third best (resp.). In such an area national economies would respect the current existing rules of the W.T.O. which would add the rule that each national economy would...

This paper presents a simple yet powerful methodological tool for analysing the impact of a bilateral trade conflict on third countries when trade includes intermediate inputs. Mixing input-output modelling with recent development of trade in value-added analysis, the extraction-cum-substitution...