In Albers & Albers (Spring, 2013) we demonstrated that the historic development of U.S. real GNP, 1869-present, may be structured in recurring 14-year periods. A steady-state rate of growth of 3.4969% is thereby calculated, generating an increase in real GNP proportional to the famous “Golden...

In Part One of this paper we use the harmonic analogy of a musical octave to analyze mathematic ratios of U.S. real GNP. These ratios are generated by bringing together figures for U.S. real GNP over intervals of time – “spreads of years” – as numerator and denominator in a single...

This book is about the construction of reality. The central aim of this study is to understand how gravity works and how it may be focused and manipulated. While I do not have an answer to this question, the discoveries along the way have been worth collecting into a single volume for future...

This paper reconsiders the nature of the trends (i.e. deterministic or stochastic) in macroeconomic time series. For this purpose, the paper employs two new tests that display robustness to structural breaks of unknown forms, irrespective of the date and/or location of the breaks. These tests...

Purpose - This paper aims to investigate the integrational properties of real GDP for 125 countries. Design/methodology/approach - The paper applies the Kwiatkowski et al. univariate test and a KPSS-type univariate test that accounts for multiple structural breaks -a test procedure proposed by...

In this paper, I numerically simulate the path of economy in an economic depression. It is not easy to perform a numerical simulation of the path to a steady state if households are assumed to behave by generating rational expectations. It is much easier, however, if households are assumed to...

We fully characterize the transition to sustained growth of resource-constrained economies using a model of industrialization that reproduces key stylized facts of resource use and prices. Natural scarcity, endogenous demography and innovations generate different growth regimes: knowledge-based...

The current debate on financial inclusion pays little attention to whether financial inclusion is pro-cyclical with the fluctuating business cycle. This article investigates the relationship between financial inclusion and the business cycle. The findings reveal that the level of savings and the...

We analyse the time evolution of the empirical cross-sectional distribution of firms profit and growth rates. In particular, we analyse the conditional properties of the empirical distributions depending on the size of the firms and business cycle phase. In order to do so, we employ the Laplace...

This paper examines the conditions leading neoclassical economics to its division into microeconomics and macroeconomics, comparing it with the integrated macroscopic-microscopic approach of Classical Political Economy (CPE). Neoclassical economics emerged in the last quarter of the 19th century...