This paper challenges the conventional wisdom in European economic history that long-distance maritime transport was always more cost-effective than overland trade routes. Thus the majority of historians in the past century have attributed the rapid decline of the medieval Champagne Fairs,...

This paper extends the model of Melitz (2003) to decompose the tariff and wage effect of trade liberalization on the firm-level intensive margin of exports. The tariff effect of trade liberalization is associated with the reduction in exporting firms' variable trade costs, on the contrast, the...

Is the degree of external economies (at the industry level) higher than the degree of internal increasing returns (at the firm level)? If so, what is the exact source of this difference? In this general equilibrium model in which firms producing final goods choose the degree of specialization of...

Motivated by the longstanding interest of economists in understanding the nexus between firm productivity and export behavior, this paper develops a novel structural framework for control-function-based nonparametric identification of the gross production function and latent firm productivity in...

This paper analyses the major changes in textile products, production costs, prices, and market orientations during the era when the ‘draperies’ or cloth industries of the late-medieval Low Countries and England had become increasingly dependent upon northern markets and the German Hanseatic...

Following Nocke(2012), we develop a model to explain how firms allocate their organizational capital to different products. Using the Chinese export and tax rebate data, we find that the reduction of export tax rebate causes contraction of product scope , and the less competitive products are...

In this paper, we extend the model of Melitz (2003) to separate the direct and indirect impact of an export tax rebate on the intensive margin of firm-level export sales at the sub-national level. The direct impact of the rebate is associated with a reduction of an exporting firm’s variable...

This paper extends the model of Melitz (2003) to decompose the tariff and wage effect of trade liberalization on the firm-level intensive margin of exports. The tariff effect of trade liberalization is associated with the reduction in exporting firms' variable trade costs, on the contrast, the...

This paper challenges the conventional wisdom in European economic history that long-distance maritime transport was always more cost-effective than overland trade routes. Thus the majority of historians in the past century have attributed the rapid decline of the medieval Champagne Fairs,...

On the basis of five balance variables in bank balances (total assets, deposits, capital, operating income, and loans), the Hirschman–Herfindahl indices for period 2016–2021 are calculated. The indices values are decomposed by the Bajo and Salas approach, based on the fact that the...