The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of BRICS unions’ currency on the Dollar and its performances on international trade among the nations. The compound reviews of literature on the classical, neo classical and modern theories of trade reveals the non existence of research works...

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of BRICS unions’ currency on the Dollar and its performances on international trade among the nations. The compound reviews of literature on the classical, neo classical and modern theories of trade reveals the non existence of research works...

Monetary policy operations affect bank balance sheets (BBSs). This study develops a balance sheet model to examine the impacts of monetary policy operations on banks’ ability to supply funds. That ability is assessed using the balance sheet capacities provided by regulatory risk management...

The banking sector plays a pivotal role in the economic development and stability of a country, particularly in developing nations like India, where financial systems are predominantly bank-based. Banks act as primary financial intermediaries, converting deposits into productive investments,...

A model is constructed in which completely unbacked fiat money, issued by generic supplier implementing realistically specified monetary policy designed to obey certain sufficient conditions, is endogenously accepted by rational individuals at uniquely determined price level. The model...

This paper studies the valuation of fiat money in an endowment economy with specialization, costly barter, and imperfect enforcement of promises using a generalized asset-pricing framework of Lucas (1978). The environment features symmetric, competitive, and indefinitely-lived households and...

This paper concerns the problem of corporate credit in Poland and tries to determine the sources of banks’ unexpected hesitance to provide enterprises with additional liquidity, which was observed during the global financial crisis. It differentiates between fundamental and non-fundamental...

This paper discussed the opportunities and risks of central bank digital currency (CBDC) in Nigeria, also known as the eNaira or e-Naira. The opportunities which CBDC present to Nigeria include, improved monetary policy transmission, efficient payments and increased financial inclusion. Some of...

In this paper, we analyse the workings of commercial banks in a scenario where crypto-currencies are the mainstream bills of exchange. We start by explaining the concept of cryptocurrencies (also referred to as cryptocoins in this paper). Then we discuss the concept of Regulated and Sovereign...

Nigeria is the first African country to issue a central bank digital currency (CBDC) or fiat digital currency. This paper discussed the features, opportunities and risks of the central bank digital currency (CBDC) in Nigeria, also known as the eNaira or e-Naira. The opportunities which CBDC...