Confounding is a major issue in observational epidemiological studies. This paper describes two postestimation commands … for assessing confounding effects. One command (confall) displays and plots all possible effect estimates against one of p …

section reviews EC policies on sustainability in transport and logistics. The main part of the analysis concentrates on the …

assumed to be symmetric in the sense, that regions are of the same size and transport costs and expenditure shares are the … same. As a result, the models can explain why an agglomeration occurs, but not in witch region.This book modifies three of … difference in wages between east and west and the simultaneous incomplete agglomeration in the west. …

. Our work suggests replacing“either-or” views of causality with a positive feedback loopconceptualization in which …

causality and behavior of a system in a common object-oriented analysis model, surety analysts can make the assumptions that …

nodes representing random variables and directed edges indicating causality between variables. Each node has a probability …

, the network-performance component, the transport economic component and the economic development component. The third part … if the four causality components are complied with simultaneously.Input-output modelling is preferred in South Africa …. The modelling strategy developed in this study is recommended for transport economic studies.The probability of economic …

the trade impact on income convergence, a long-lasting problem is the reverse causality from income convergence to trade … causality from income convergence to trade exists in differentiated product sectors, but not in homogeneous product sectors … causality problem. It can be taken as a pure evidence of trade-induced income convergence. This result is robust to various …