Because of the transformation of market structures into the direction of servitization, manufacturing companies are forced to compete through the supply of services as opposed to products. Competing for these service contracts, particularly during bidding, the decision makers face various...

Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is important information that is useful for decision making affecting complex engineering systems with extended life. Uncertainty in the estimation of LCC, especially in the early concept and definition stage, has great influence on the robustness of such decisions....