A rich literature argues that stock repurchases often serve as positive economic signals beneficial to investors. Yet due to their inherent flexibility, open-market repurchase programs have long been criticized as weak signals lacking commitment. We evaluate whether some managers potentially use...

The trust of sellers and transactions is a very important issue in e-commerce and e-service environments. At some e-commerce websites (such as eBay1), the trust management mechanism can compute a trust value of a seller, which is based on the ratings of past transactions given by buyers. This...