Even before the COVID-19 crisis, rapidly growing healthcare expenditure was calling the sustainabi- lity of public finances into question. The pandemic has reinforced these concerns and also under- lined the importance of resilient healthcare systems. To highlight the need for economic policy...

These projections show that demographic change will have a significant impact on the dynamism of healthcare expenditure. The effect of an ageing population is most significant in the area of long-term care. For healthcare excluding long-term care, non-demographic cost drivers – such as the...