The present paper tests the empirical link between a firm's financial structure and its entry decision in the US … financially distressed air carriers with high leverage and low liquidity are generally less likely to enter a new airport …-pair market. This is particularly true for US Airways, American, Alaska, Delta, Midway, America West, ATA, JetBlue, and AirTran …

determinants of trade in intermediate goods. A substantial part of trade in intermediates between the US and OECD countries takes … the form of intra-industry (IIT). I have divided total intra-industry trade into its horizontal and vertical components …. Hypotheses drawn from Ethier (1982) and Feenstra and Hanson (1997) are put forward to investigate the intra-industry trade in …

programs in the 1990's. Between 1975 and 1999, beef demand fell by 66% (Marsh, 2003) and its share of the overall meat market … fell from 48% to 32%. Along with changing consumer preferences and heightened health consciousness, poor quality assurance … has been offered as a reason for the decline. Certification programs provide producers a new way to differentiate and …

of a grand prize for performance in a sequence of tournaments affects agents' effort and participation decisions. The …, effort and the likelihood of participation is larger throughout much of a season with a grand prize relative to a season …-ending Tour Championship event, created in 1987, acts as the PGA Tour's 'grand prize.' Golfer performance and participation is …