This article estimates the cost of a public investment-led job creation programme for the United Kingdom. A programme creating an additional one million jobs at the current average wage would involve a net cost to the Treasury dramatically lower than the gross cost; £17 billion worth of...

This paper studies the redistribution effect of personal income tax in Pakistan. We decompose the overall tax system in order to evaluate the contribution of rate, allowances, deductions, exemptions and credits. The structure given in Income Tax Ordinance, 2001, is applied to gross household...

The measurement of travel costs in recreational demand modeling has been a contentious issue for many decades. This article explores the use of a number of alternative methods of incorporating time costs in the travel cost modeling process. Travel cost values where the opportunity cost of time...

Giving by individuals for development has been illustrated recently by some spectacular examples. A few people giving very large sums, and a very large number of people giving modest amounts, are both important phenomena in the field of development finance. This paper considers how in theory...

As their Millennium Development Goals, world leaders have pledged by 2015 to halve the number of people living in extreme poverty and hunger, to achieve universal primary education, to reduce child mortality, to halt the spread of HIV/AIDS, and to halve the number of people without safe drinking...