This paper documents economic trend in Swaziland aftermath of the global economic and financial crisis, establishing that Swaziland’s economy is highly dependent on external market and the country’s growth prospect is largely contingent on developments in South Africa. The declining trend in...

Caused by the lack of an international financial regulations framework and under the circumstances of markets volatility persistence, the global financial balances deteriorated during the postcrisis period. The bail-out of the banking system by public or multilateral intervention instead of...

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the most universal health and socio-economic crisis in recent history. However, the magnitude of the economic damage has differed widely; some countries were hit particularly hard, while others have managed to weather the storm much better. In this paper, we...

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the most universal health and socio-economic crisis in recent history. However, the magnitude of the economic damage has differed widely; some countries were hit particularly hard, while others have managed to weather the storm much better. In this paper, we...

The rise of the extreme poles in the European political Spectrum, corresponds currently with a clear call for help by the site of simple People, combined with the desire for a serious confrontation with the tragic impasse reproduced by the extreme Problems of the everyday live . In this case,...

Given that sovereign bond markets may be vulnerable to multiple equilibria and self-fulfilling prophecies, a debate exists over whether and in what way credit rating agencies (CRAs) are politically biased and may weaponize sovereign credit ratings. Recent research by Fuchs and Gehring (2017)...

In the 1970s, while a leftist military dictatorship ruled Peru, more than 22 million acres of cultivated or grazing farmland -- one-third of Peru’s total agricultural acreage -- were expropriated from thousands of large owners as part of a property reform intended to benefit up to 400,000...

Sovereign debt restructurings may experience marginal changes as a result of recent modifications in contractual terms being incorporated into new bond issues, but for the most part they will likely resemble what has generally worked so well in recent decades to the satisfaction of most...

The voluminous and protracted litigation and arbitration saga featuring the Republic of Argentina (mostly as defendant or respondent, respectively) established important legal and arbitral precedents, as illustrated by three cases involving Argentina which were appealed all the way up to the...

The voluminous and protracted litigation and arbitration saga featuring the Republic of Argentina (mostly as defendant or respondent, respectively) established important legal and arbitral precedents, as illustrated by three cases involving Argentina which were appealed all the way up to the US...