assess the levelized cost of electricity under four supply options: (1) public utility ownership of new geothermal capacity …--i.e., whether a utility should sign a power purchase agreement (PPA) with a NUG, or develop and own the generation capacity itself …) the tax-free status of publicly owned utilities and the availability of low-cost debt, and (2) the renewable energy …

based on actual energy production rather than the rated capacity of the modules or system, are often suggested as one …, 9 of 52 projects sampled were found to have annual capacity factors less than 14.5%, although reasons for these low … capacity factors generally were not identified (Itron 2005). Studies of PV systems in Germany and Japan, the two largest PV …

's power plants to meet the demands from all customers based on the marginal cost of production. Consequent market … can all play a role in the success or failure of the market. These factors along with the mix of generation capacity … Dispatch (ORCED) model to evaluate marginal-cost-based and regulated prices for the state. The model dispatches the state …

installations are expected to increase by 1,850 megawatts (MW), resulting in a total installed capacity of about 4,400 MW. The … market expansion is supported by a variety of Federal and state incentives in the form of production tax credits, renewable … energy production incentives, renewable energy portfolio standards, and others. New mechanisms include green power offerings …

The largest volume waste stream associated with oil and gas production is produced water. A survey conducted by the … disposal of produced water represents a significant cost for operators. A relatively new technology, downhole oil …/water separators (DOWS), has been developed to reduce the cost of handling produced water. DOWS separate oil and gas from produced …

changes in input coefficients and do not therefore mean the abandonment of the concept of the production function as has been …

capacity and energy). Qualifying facilities (QF) include solar or geothermal electric units, hydropower, municipal solid waste … firm energy production, guarantees, ability to schedule maintenance or downtime, rights of refusal, power plant purchase … to provide ''demonstrated'' capacity. Legislation was also enacted which allows PURPA to work effectively. Initial laws …

--i.e., whether a utility should sign a power purchase agreement (PPA) with a NUG, or develop and own the generation capacity itself …: (1) the tax-free status of publicly owned utilities and the availability of low-cost debt, and (2) the renewable energy … production incentive (REPI) available only to publicly owned utilities. Possible economic advantages to entering into a PPA with …