This paper studies the links between the descriptions of macroeconomic variables and statistical moments of market trade, price, and return. The randomness of market trade values and volumes during the averaging interval Δ results in the random properties of price and return. We describe how...

Serbian. U radu se istražuju odnosi u društvenoj reprodukciji posredstvom reprodukcione celine opšteg tipa – primarnog, sekundarnog i tercijarnog sektora. Na nivou ovih sektora, definisanih na način uobičajen u ekonomskoj literaturi (primarni: poljoprivreda i šumarstvo; sekundarni:...

Macroeconomics has been often criticized for being useless particularly since the Great Recession. In this paper, I show that macroeconomics is still important, useful, and needed on the basis of the concept of a “Nash equilibrium of a Pareto-inefficient path” (NEPIP). On a NEPIP, the...

We consider the randomness of market trade as the origin of price and return stochasticity. We look at time series of trade values and volumes as random variables during the averaging interval Δ and describe the dependences of market-based volatilities of price and return on the volatilities...

In this paper, the various economic and social factors that have characterized the development history of Bangladesh are analyzed to provide an understanding of the backward, the post-independence period, resilience, and success story of this South Asian country. The social, political, and...

Inflation, exchange rate and gross domestic product (GDP) are critical variables to macroeconomic stability. For a small economy like Zambia, it is imperative for central authorities to establish the size and degree of the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) to domestic prices and output as they...

The BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) have seen varying GDP growth rates, averaging around 5 percent in the 1990s, rising to 8 percent in the 2000s, and about 5.5 percent from 2011 to 2020. Structural change and labour productivity are key for sustained economic...

As we witness profound changes in the global economy, and as it becomes apparent that the so-called “Revived Bretton Woods System” may be nothing more than a temporary non sustainable financing of the US structural internal imbalance, favored by the global role of the dollar, which has...

The use of a homogeneous not degree 1 CES production function in a simple economic model under conditions of maximum profit leads to an inconsistency. This paper identifies the root of this problem and provides a solution. Building on this, we propose an improved formulation of the Modern...

Revolutions do not consolidate until they blend with the establishment to create a new world. Keynes understood it, and that is why he titled his masterwork The General Theory. But he was unsuccessful in the blending. In 2020-21, it is argued in here, we all follow Keynes, but with insufficient...